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Coal is the most common fossil fuel in the world. It is a sedimentary rock that finds its origins millions of years ago, when masses of plants have undergone great decomposition with high temperatures and pressures (carbonization). It is a composite of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, as well as small quantities of nitrogen, sulfur and inorganic materials.
In earth’s history, a wide range of coal types with differing properties has emerged, depending on its grade of carbonization and the location where it lies.
This product is mainly used in power plants and, as fuel, for the production of cement, construction materials and aluminum. Moreover, it is also converted into other products.
The way that coal is transported depends on the distance to be covered. Coal is generally transported by conveyor or truck over short distances. Trains and barges are used for longer distances within domestic markets, or alternatively it can be mixed with water to form a coal slurry and transported through a pipeline. Ships are commonly used for international transportation.
Overall international trade in coal reached 941Mt in 2009.
Major coal exporter in 2009 (Mt):
Australia (259), Indonesia (230), Russia (116), Colombia (69), South Africa (67), USA (53), Canada (28).
Major coal importer in 2009 (Mt)
Japan (165), China (137), South Korea (103), India (67), Chinese Taipei (60), Germany (38), UK (38).
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